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Compare Spratly Islands (2008) - Netherlands Antilles (2001)

Compare Spratly Islands (2008) z Netherlands Antilles (2001)

 Spratly Islands (2008)Netherlands Antilles (2001)
 Spratly IslandsNetherlands Antilles
Administrative divisions - none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)

note:
each island has its own government
Age structure - 0-14 years:
25.21% (male 27,332; female 26,169)

15-64 years:
66.99% (male 67,562; female 74,599)

65 years and over:
7.8% (male 6,874; female 9,690) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products - aloes, sorghum, peanuts, vegetables, tropical fruit
Airports 3 (2007) 5 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 1


under 914 m: 1 (2007)		 total:
5

over 3,047 m:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
2

914 to 1,523 m:
1

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2007)		 -
Area total: less than 5 sq km


land: less than 5 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes 100 or so islets, coral reefs, and sea mounts scattered over an area of nearly 410,000 sq km of the central South China Sea		 total:
960 sq km

land:
960 sq km

water:
0 sq km

note:
includes Bonaire, Curacao, Saba, Sint Eustatius, and Sint Maarten (Dutch part of the island of Saint Martin)
Area - comparative NA more than five times the size of Washington, DC
Background The Spratly Islands consist of more than 100 small islands or reefs. They are surrounded by rich fishing grounds and potentially by gas and oil deposits. They are claimed in their entirety by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam, while portions are claimed by Malaysia and the Philippines. About 45 islands are occupied by relatively small numbers of military forces from China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam. Brunei has established a fishing zone that overlaps a southern reef but has not made any formal claim. Once the center of the Caribbean slave trade, the island of Curacao was hard hit by the abolition of slavery in 1863. Its prosperity (and that of neighboring Aruba) was restored in the early 20th century with the construction of oil refineries to service the newly discovered Venezuelan oil fields. The island of Sint Maarten is shared with France; its northern portion is named Saint Martin and is part of Guadeloupe.
Birth rate - 16.55 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget - revenues:
$710.8 million

expenditures:
$741.6 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1997 est.)
Capital - Willemstad
Climate tropical tropical; ameliorated by northeast trade winds
Coastline 926 km 364 km
Constitution - 29 December 1954, Statute of the Realm of the Netherlands, as amended
Country name conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Spratly Islands		 conventional long form:
none

conventional short form:
Netherlands Antilles

local long form:
none

local short form:
Nederlandse Antillen

former:
Curacao and Dependencies
Currency - Netherlands Antillean guilder (ANG)
Death rate - 6.41 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external - $1.35 billion (1996)
Dependency status - part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands; full autonomy in internal affairs granted in 1954; Dutch Government responsible for defense and foreign affairs
Diplomatic representation from the US - chief of mission:
Consul General Barbara J. STEPHENSON

consulate(s) general:
J. B. Gorsiraweg #1, Willemstad AN, Curacao

mailing address:
P. O. Box 158, Willemstad, Curacao

telephone:
[599] (9) 4613066

FAX:
[599] (9) 4616489
Diplomatic representation in the US - none (represented by the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
Disputes - international all of the Spratly Islands are claimed by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam; parts of them are claimed by Malaysia and the Philippines; in 1984, Brunei established an exclusive fishing zone that encompasses Louisa Reef in the southern Spratly Islands but has not publicly claimed the reef; claimants in November 2002 signed the "Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea," which has eased tensions but falls short of a legally binding "code of conduct"; in March 2005, the national oil companies of China, the Philippines, and Vietnam signed a joint accord to conduct marine seismic activities in the Spratly Islands none
Economic aid - recipient - IMF provided $61 million in 2000, and the Netherlands continued its support with $40 million
Economy - overview Economic activity is limited to commercial fishing. The proximity to nearby oil- and gas-producing sedimentary basins suggests the potential for oil and gas deposits, but the region is largely unexplored. There are no reliable estimates of potential reserves. Commercial exploitation has yet to be developed. Tourism, petroleum refining, and offshore finance are the mainstays of this small economy, which is closely tied to the outside world. Although GDP has declined slightly in each of the past five years, the islands enjoy a high per capita income and a well-developed infrastructure as compared with other countries in the region. Almost all consumer and capital goods are imported, with Venezuela, the US, and Mexico being the major suppliers. Poor soils and inadequate water supplies hamper the development of agriculture.
Electricity - consumption - 1.032 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports - 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports - 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production - 1.11 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: South China Sea 0 m


highest point: unnamed location on Southwest Cay 4 m		 lowest point:
Caribbean Sea 0 m

highest point:
Mount Scenery 862 m
Environment - current issues NA NA
Ethnic groups - mixed black 85%, Carib Amerindian, white, East Asian
Exchange rates - Netherlands Antillean guilders per US dollar - 1.790 (fixed rate since 1989)
Executive branch - chief of state:
Queen BEATRIX of the Netherlands (since 30 April 1980), represented by Governor General Jaime SALEH (since NA October 1989)

head of government:
Prime Minister Miguel POURIER (since 8 November 1999); Deputy Prime Minister Susanne CAMELIA-ROMER (since NA)

note:
Miguel POURIER assumed prime ministership following the resignation of Susanne CAMELIA-ROMER

cabinet:
Council of Ministers elected by the Staten

elections:
the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch for a six-year term; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party is usually elected prime minister by the Staten; election last held 30 January 1998 (next to be held by NA 2002)

note:
government coalition - PDB, DP-St. M, FOL, PLKP, PNP
Exports - $276 million (f.o.b., 2000)
Exports - commodities - petroleum products
Exports - partners - US 17.5%, Guatemala 8%, Costa Rica 6.5%, The Bahamas 4.6%, Jamaica 4.1%, Chile 3.4% (1998)
Fiscal year - calendar year
Flag description - white, with a horizontal blue stripe in the center superimposed on a vertical red band, also centered; five white, five-pointed stars are arranged in an oval pattern in the center of the blue band; the five stars represent the five main islands of Bonaire, Curacao, Saba, Sint Eustatius, and Sint Maarten
GDP - purchasing power parity - $2.4 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector - agriculture:
1%

industry:
15%

services:
84% (1996 est.)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $11,400 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate - -3.5% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 8 38 N, 111 55 E 12 15 N, 68 45 W
Geography - note strategically located near several primary shipping lanes in the central South China Sea; includes numerous small islands, atolls, shoals, and coral reefs -
Heliports 3 (2007) -
Highways - total:
600 km

paved:
300 km

unpaved:
300 km (1992)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Illicit drugs - money-laundering center; transshipment point for South American drugs bound for the US and Europe
Imports - $1.5 billion (f.o.b., 2000)
Imports - commodities - crude petroleum, food, manufactures
Imports - partners - Venezuela 35.3%, US 21%, Mexico 9.8%, Italy 5.4%, Netherlands 4.8%, Brazil 3.1% (1998)
Independence - none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
Industrial production growth rate - NA%
Industries - tourism (Curacao, Sint Maarten, and Bonaire), petroleum refining (Curacao), petroleum transshipment facilities (Curacao and Bonaire), light manufacturing (Curacao)
Infant mortality rate - 11.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - 6.4% (2000 est.)
International organization participation - Caricom (observer), ECLAC (associate), Interpol, IOC, UNESCO (associate), UPU, WCL, WMO, WToO (associate)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 6
Irrigated land 0 sq km NA sq km
Judicial branch - Joint High Court of Justice (judges appointed by the monarch)
Labor force - 89,000
Labor force - by occupation - agriculture 1%, industry 13%, services 86% (1994 est.)
Land boundaries 0 km total:
10.2 km

border countries:
Guadeloupe (Saint Martin) 10.2 km
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (2005)		 arable land:
10%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
0%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
90% (1993 est.)
Languages - Dutch (official), Papiamento (a Spanish-Portuguese-Dutch-English dialect) predominates, English widely spoken, Spanish
Legal system - based on Dutch civil law system, with some English common law influence
Legislative branch - unicameral States or Staten (22 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections:
last held 30 January 1998 (next to be held by NA 2002)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PAR 4, PNP 3, SPA 1, PDB 2, UPB 1, MAN 2, PLKP 3, WIPM 1, SEA 1, DP-St. M 2, FOL 2; no party won enough seats to form a government

note:
the government of Prime Minister Miguel POURIER is a coalition of several parties; current seats by party - PAR 4, PNP 3, FOL 2, MAN 2, UPB 2, DP-St. M 2, PDB 1, SEA 1, WIPM 1, other 4
Life expectancy at birth - total population:
74.94 years

male:
72.76 years

female:
77.22 years (2001 est.)
Literacy - definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
98%

male:
98%

female:
99% (1981 est.)
Location Southeastern Asia, group of reefs and islands in the South China Sea, about two-thirds of the way from southern Vietnam to the southern Philippines Caribbean, two island groups in the Caribbean Sea - one includes Curacao and Bonaire north of Venezuela; the other is east of the Virgin Islands
Map references Southeast Asia Central America and the Caribbean
Maritime claims NA exclusive fishing zone:
12 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine - total:
123 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,113,774 GRT/1,397,841 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 1, cargo 35, chemical tanker 2, combination ore/oil 3, container 19, liquefied gas 4, multi-functional large-load carrier 19, passenger 1, petroleum tanker 4, refrigerated cargo 28, roll on/roll off 7

note:
includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Belgium 8, Germany 1, Italy 1 (2000 est.)
Military - note Spratly Islands consist of more than 100 small islands or reefs of which about 45 are claimed and occupied by China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam defense is the responsibility of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
Military branches - Royal Netherlands Navy, Marine Corps, Coast Guard, National Guard, Police Force
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49:
54,284 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49:
30,405 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 20 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males:
1,610 (2001 est.)
National holiday - Queen's Day (Birthday of Queen-Mother JULIANA in 1909 and accession to the throne of her oldest daughter BEATRIX in 1980), 30 April
Nationality - noun:
Dutch Antillean(s)

adjective:
Dutch Antillean
Natural hazards typhoons; numerous reefs and shoals pose a serious maritime hazard Curacao and Bonaire are south of Caribbean hurricane belt and are rarely threatened; Sint Maarten, Saba, and Sint Eustatius are subject to hurricanes from July to October
Natural resources fish, guano, undetermined oil and natural gas potential phosphates (Curacao only), salt (Bonaire only)
Net migration rate - -0.42 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Political parties and leaders - Antillean Restructuring Party or PAR [Miguel POURIER]; C 93 [Stanley BROWN]; Democratic Party of Bonaire or PDB [Jopi ABRAHAM]; Democratic Party of Curacao or DP [Errol HERNANDEZ]; Democratic Party of Sint Eustatius or DP-St. E [Julian WOODLEY]; Democratic Party of Sint Maarten or DP-St. M [Sarah WESCOTT-WILLIAMS]; Foundation Energetic Management Anti-Narcotics or FAME [Eric LODEWIJKS]; Labor Party People's Crusade or PLKP [Errol COVA]; National People's Party or PNP [Susanne F. C. CAMELIA-ROMER]; New Antilles Movement or MAN [Kenneth GIJSBERTHA]; Patriotic Union of Bonaire or UPB [Ramon BOOI]; Patriotic Movement of Sint Maarten or SPA [Vance JAMES, Jr.]; People's Party or PAPU [Richard Hodi]; Pro Curacao Party or PPK [Winston LOURENS]; Saba Democratic Labor Movement [Steve HASSELL]; Saba Unity Party [Carmen SIMMONDS]; St. Eustatius Alliance or SEA [Kenneth VAN PUTTEN]; Serious Alternative People's Party or Sapp [Julian ROLLOCKS]; Social Action Cause or KAS [Benny DEMEI]; Windward Islands People's Movement or WIPM [Will JOHNSTON]; Workers' Liberation Front or FOL [Anthony GODETT, Rignald LAK, Editha WRIGHT]

note:
political parties are indigenous to each island
Political pressure groups and leaders - NA
Population no indigenous inhabitants


note: there are scattered garrisons occupied by personnel of several claimant states		 212,226 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line - NA%
Population growth rate - 0.97% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors - Kralendijk, Philipsburg, Willemstad
Radio broadcast stations - AM 9, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios - 217,000 (1997)
Railways - 0 km
Religions - Roman Catholic, Protestant, Jewish, Seventh-Day Adventist
Sex ratio - at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.91 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.71 male(s)/female

total population:
0.92 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage - 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system - general assessment:
generally adequate facilities

domestic:
extensive interisland microwave radio relay links

international:
submarine cables - 2; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use - 76,000 (1995)
Telephones - mobile cellular - 13,977 (1996)
Television broadcast stations - 3 (there is also a cable service which supplies programs received from various US satellite networks and two Venezuelan channels) (1997)
Terrain flat generally hilly, volcanic interiors
Total fertility rate - 2.07 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate - 14.9% (1998 est.)
Waterways - none
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